功能性消化不良与溃疡病的异同

目的：调查功能性消化不良（Ｆｕｎｃｔｉｏｎａｌ ｄｙｓｐｅｐｓｉａ，ＦＤ）与消化性溃疡（Ｐｅｐｔｉｃ ｕｌｃｅｒ，ＰＵ），除胃镜表现外所存在的明显差异以及在这些差异所代表的意义。方法 对８３例ＦＤ，３８例ＰＵ的生活习惯、临床表现、幽门螺杆菌（Ｈｅｌｉｃｏｂａｃｔｅｒ ｐｙｌｏｒｉ，Ｈｐ）感染、胃、胆囊排空功能，植物神经功能和性格因素进行了调查，并进行多因素的鉴别分析。结果：ＦＤ患者女性多见，体重较     

37例青年心肌梗塞的临床分析

在本院住院的800例急性心肌梗塞病人中发现年龄≤40岁的青年心肌梗塞患者37例,男性36例(97.3%),危险因素中吸烟、家族史阳性和高血脂分列前三位.冠脉造影,27例为动脉粥样硬化.1例肌桥,3例正常.冠脉病变以单支病变最多见,病变部位以左前降支最易受累,左室射的分数(LVEF)值仅2例低于40%.青年心肌梗塞发病仍以动脉粥样硬化为主要原因,预后较好.     

Clinical Advances in Hemoglobin A1c Measurement: Influence of Variables on Hemoglobin A1c Values and Nonheterogeneity of Hemoglobin A1c Reference Ranges

Introduction

Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) values are influenced by analytical interferences such as HbF and hemoglobin variants and clinical factors such as increased red cell turnover. Although less well-known, demographic factors such as race, age, and sex also influence HbA1c values.The HbA1c reference range should be homogenous in the United States based on the use of National Glycohemoglobin Standardization Program certified methods and the recommendations in the National Academy of Clinical Biochemistry guidelines.

Methods

Data on age, race, sex, HbA1c, and glucose values were extracted from the National Health and Nutrition Examination study for a 3 year period. A search for reference range data for laboratories in the United States was performed using the Google search engine.

Results

Extracted data agree with published data on the influence of age, sex, and smoking status on HbA1c values. There is substantial heterogeneity in HbA1c reference ranges in laboratories in the United States.

Conclusion

Age, sex, and smoking status influence HbA1c values. Despite standardization of HbA1c methods and published recommendations, there is wide heterogeneity in HbA1c reference ranges in the United States.     

Does age influence the success of intra-tympanic steroid treatment in idiopathic sudden deafness?

Conclusions: The present study shows that AGE, DELAY, and PTA_PRE may be considered factors influencing therapeutic success in intra-tympanic steroid therapy. Objective: The aim of the study is to evaluate the relationship between the therapeutic success of intra-tympanic prednisolone therapy and age, in patients affected by idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (ISSNHL), considering the influence of factors such as delay, gender, and pure tone average (PTA) pre-therapy. Method: This retrospective study involved 402 consecutive patients, affected by unilateral ISSNHL between January 2009 and January 2014. Patients were divided into two groups based on age: group one with 94 patients aged over 65 years and group two with all 402 patients enrolled in the study, including those over 65. Results: PTA recorded before the beginning of the therapy (PTA_PRE) in group one was worse than for group two. In both groups the therapy was significantly effective in improving hearing thresholds, even if PTA_PRE was significant and negatively correlated with success rate. This effect disappeared within the population over 65. On average, each day of DELAY from the onset of hearing loss to the beginning of therapy cuts almost 2% of the possibility to recover. AGE was negative and significant when specified continuously for group two.     

女性骨转换指标与年龄和腰椎骨密度的关系

目的观察20～80岁健康女性血清骨特异性碱性磷酸酶（sBAP）、血清和尿液中Ⅰ型胶原羧基末端肽（sCTX和uCTX）随年龄变化的规律及其与腰椎正位骨密度（BMD）之间的关系。方法用ELISA法测定sBAP、sCTX和uCTX，以自动分析仪测定血清总碱性磷酸酶（sTAP）和尿肌酐；同时用双能X线骨密度仪测定腰椎正位的BMD。结果（1）年龄与sBAP、sCTX、uCTX和sTAP之间均存在明显的相关性，决定系数（R^2）分别是0.371、0.130、0.121和0.333。（2）在校正年龄、体重及身高的影响之后腰椎正位的BMD与sBAP、sCTX、uCTX和sTAP明显负相关，其与骨转换指标的相关系数（r）分别为-0．37、-0．29、-0．26和-0．30（均P〈0.01）。（3）按腰椎正位的峰值骨量确定正常骨量、低骨量及骨质疏松的人群，发现sBAP、sCTX、uCTX和sTAP在3组之间差异存在统计学意义。结论sBAP、sCTX、uCTX随年龄而变化并与腰椎正位BMD间存在负相关。血清sBAP、sCTX和uCTX在低骨量和骨质疏松的人群中明显升高，提示其是健康女性确定骨转换率的敏感指标。     

盂县女性农民高血压发病因素的前瞻性研究

本文以３５～５９岁非高血压女性农民为对象，采用前瞻性观察方法调查１１９６人。６年后复查１０４６人，新发高血压１３７人，年标准化发病率２．２４％，发现体重超重、血总胆固醇／高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（ＴＣ／ＨＤＬ－Ｃ）比值、服避孕药年限与高血压的发病成正关联。体重超重组（体重指数＞２４））高血压的发生率为２４．７４％，其比值比（ＯｄｄｓＲａｔｉｏ，简称ＯＲ）是＜体重指数２０组的５．３９倍；ＴＣ／ＨＤＬ－Ｃ比值＞４．８组高血压发生率为２８．２６％，其ＯＲ是＜４．０组的５．２２倍；服避孕药１０年以上高血压发生率为３０．９９％，其ＯＲ是不服避孕药组的４．１３倍。本研究表明，女性高血压的可能发病因素为体重超重、高ＴＣ／ＨＤＬ－Ｃ比值、长期眼避孕药、膳食高钠和低钙。     

Normal lung growth following antenatal dexamethasone treatment for respiratory distress syndrome

Antenatal steroid therapy reduces the incidence of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in premature infants. However, animal studies showed a decrease in lung cell number and lower lung weights in fetal rabbits exposed to hydrocortisone. This prompted us to measure flows and lung volumes (by spirometry and helium-dilution method) in children greater than 6 years who were part of a study by the Collaborative Group on Antenatal Steroid Therapy. The effect of antenatal steroids on subsequent pulmonary function had not previously been studied. Of the 158 children originally enrolled before birth, a total of 8 dexamethasone (DEX)- and 11 placebo-treated children were still local residents and fulfilled the criteria of the study (gestational age, 28-34 weeks; DEX/placebo treatment 1-7 days before delivery). Mean heights and weights were normal with no significant differences between the groups. Pulmonary function tests showed no differences in lung volumes or expiratory flows between the children whose mothers had received antenatal DEX and those who had received placebo. These results indicate no adverse effect of antenatal DEX on subsequent lung volumes and expiratory flows in childhood.     

Cholangiocarcinoma and Clonorchis sinensis infection: a case-control study in Korea

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The authors conducted a hospital-based case-control study to evaluate the role of Clonorchis sinensis infection as a risk factor for the development of cholangiocarcinoma (CC), including extrahepatic CC, in Korea. METHODS: Cases of 185 patients with CC (intrahepatic, 51; hilar, 53; and distal extrahepatic, 81) and matched controls underwent stool microscopy, pathological examinations, serologic test for C. sinensis using ELISA, skin test for C. sinensis, radiologic examinations, and interview concerning history of eating raw freshwater fish. RESULTS: Radiologic evidence of C. sinensis, history of eating raw freshwater fish, and positive serologic result for C. sinensis were found to be related to an increased risk of CC, with the odds ratios (OR)=8.615 (95% confidence interval [CI]=5.045-16.062), OR=2.385 (95% CI=1.527-3.832), and OR=2.272 (95% CI=1.147-4.811), respectively. The risk factors for distal extrahepatic CC were radiologic evidence of C. sinensis (OR=6.571; 95% CI=3.170-15.943) and history of eating raw freshwater fish (OR=2.6; 95% CI=1.294-5.66). CONCLUSIONS: Radiologic evidence of C. sinensis, history of eating raw freshwater fish and positive serologic result for C. sinensis were significantly associated with CC, including extrahepatic CC.     

亚临床期糖尿病性心脏病及相关因素的初探

目的探讨亚临床期糖尿病性心脏病相关因素，以采取有效的防治对策。方法（１）对２８８例无高血压、心脏病临床表现，并经有关检查基本除外冠心病及其它心脏病的糖尿病患者进行无创性心功能检查。（２）对亚临床期糖尿病性心脏病的相关因素进行单因素和多因素分析。结果（１）３３．６８％的糖尿病病人存在亚临床期糖尿病性心脏病变所导致的心功能异常。（２）年龄、病程、ＢＭＩ、代谢控制状况、微血管并发症与亚临床期糖尿病性心脏病的发生密切相关。结论年龄大、病程长、ＢＭＩ高、代谢控制不良及糖尿病其它微血管并发症是亚临床期糖尿病性心脏病的危险因素，对以上某些因素进行有效的控制，将可能预防和延缓糖尿病性心脏病的发生。